Finding a bump on your gums can be concerning, especially if it appears suddenly or feels painful. While not all gum bumps are serious, some may require attention from your dentist. Understanding the possible causes behind a bump on your gums can help you decide when it’s time to seek professional care. Here are some of the most common reasons a bump might appear on your gums.
Dental Abscess
One of the most common causes of a painful bump on the gums is a dental abscess. This is a pocket of pus caused by a bacterial infection, usually the result of an untreated cavity, broken tooth, or severe gum disease. Abscesses can feel swollen and tender, and they may be accompanied by a bad taste in your mouth, fever, or swollen lymph nodes.
If you suspect an abscess, contact your dentist right away. Left untreated, the infection can spread and lead to more serious health problems.
Canker Sores
A canker sore is a small, shallow sore that can develop on the inside of the lips, cheeks, or gums. These bumps may appear white or yellow in the center with a red border. They are usually painful, especially when eating or brushing.
Canker sores often heal on their own within a week or two. While the exact cause isn’t always known, triggers can include stress, minor injuries to the mouth, certain foods, or vitamin deficiencies.
Gum Cysts
A gum cyst is a fluid-filled sac that can form in the soft tissue of your gums. These cysts are typically harmless and may come and go, but they can become painful or irritated if infected. Sometimes they form as a result of trauma, blocked glands, or after dental procedures.
Most cysts are benign, but if one persists or grows larger, your dentist may recommend removing or draining it.
Irritation or Injury
Sometimes, a bump on the gum is simply due to irritation or trauma. Accidentally biting your cheek, using a hard toothbrush, or eating something sharp can injure your gum tissue, causing swelling or a lump. These bumps are often tender but usually heal on their own in a few days.
Keeping your mouth clean and avoiding the source of irritation can help speed up the healing process.
Oral Fibroma
An oral fibroma is a non-cancerous, fibrous lump that may appear on the gums or other parts of the mouth. It’s usually caused by repeated trauma, such as rubbing from a rough tooth or poorly fitting dentures. These bumps are generally firm and painless.
While fibromas aren’t dangerous, they can be removed if they’re large, uncomfortable, or interfere with eating or speaking.
When to See a Dentist
Not all gum bumps are emergencies, but you should schedule a dental visit if:
- The bump is painful, growing, or bleeding.
- It lasts longer than two weeks.
- You experience fever, swelling, or pus.
- You have difficulty chewing or speaking.
Early evaluation and treatment can prevent complications and give you peace of mind. If you’ve noticed a bump on your gums, your dentist can help determine the cause and recommend the right course of action.
About the Author
Dr. Stacy Hebert-Schoener is a graduate of the University of Texas Dental Branch in Houston. After graduating, she completed a residency at Memorial Hermann Hospital. Today, she is an active member of the American Dental Association, the Texas Dental Association, and the Greater Houston Dental Society. If you’re experiencing concerning oral issues like a bump on your gums, don’t wait any longer – schedule your appointment with us today by phone at (713) 666-1597 or online.